Repercusiones En La Salud Mental De Individuos Sometidos A Cirugía Bariátrica: Revisión Sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.19141/jils.v14ilifestyle.2046Palabras clave:
bariatric surgery, quality of life, obesity, mental disordersResumen
Introducción: La obesidad es una condición crónica y multifactorial, relacionada con la genética y los comportamientos, así como con diversas comorbilidades como la diabetes. Además, está vinculada a la estigmatización social, lo que afecta el tratamiento. El diagnóstico se realiza mediante el Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC), y la obesidad afecta a más de la mitad de la población brasileña. La cirugía bariátrica ha demostrado ser eficaz en la pérdida de peso y en la mejora de la salud física y mental. A pesar de ello, existen riesgos como deficiencias nutricionales, complicaciones físicas e impactos psicológicos. La cirugía bariátrica mejora la autoestima, la depresión y la ansiedad, pero puede aumentar el riesgo de alcoholismo y suicidio.
Objetivo: Analizar, mediante una revisión sistemática, el impacto en la salud mental de individuos sometidos a cirugía bariátrica.
Métodos: Se trata de una revisión sistemática con una muestra final de 25 artículos, seleccionados en junio de 2025, recuperados de PubMed y BVS, y seleccionados según los criterios PRISMA.
Resultados: La mayoría de los artículos fueron estudios observacionales, de cohorte y transversales. Los resultados de salud mental se sintetizaron según los principales hallazgos: positivos, negativos o neutros (sin significancia estadística o con resultados inconclusos).
Conclusión: El estudio mostró que la cirugía bariátrica puede generar tanto beneficios como perjuicios para la salud mental. Aunque la cirugía bariátrica representa una herramienta importante en el tratamiento de la obesidad severa, sus impactos en la salud mental aún muestran resultados heterogéneos.
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